Docker use aufs storage driver provided by linux-image-extra-*
If you use the mainline kernel from PPA. The apt install may get stuck.
A workaround is overwrite the systemd configuration to use overlay for docker service:
Create /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/overlay.conf :
[Service] ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// -s overlay
Flush systemd setting:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
verify that the configuration has been loaded:
systemctl show --property=ExecStart docker
restart docker:
sudo systemctl restart docker